Every claim on the site has a citation. Find them here.

38 of 38 entries · updated 2026-04 · imadethisup.org/references

1. 001
   Goodfellow, I. et al. (2014). Generative Adversarial Nets. NeurIPS. GAN · arXiv:1406.2661 · NeurIPS proceedings
2. 002
   Rombach, R., Blattmann, A., Lorenz, D., Esser, P., Ommer, B. (2022). High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models. CVPR. DIFFUSION · arXiv:2112.10752 · CVF
3. 003
   Rössler, A. et al. (2019). FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Images. ICCV. DETECTION · arXiv:1901.08971 · dataset
4. 004
   Wang, S.-Y., Wang, O., Zhang, R., Owens, A., Efros, A. A. (2020). CNN-Generated Images Are Surprisingly Easy to Spot... for Now. CVPR. DETECTION · arXiv:1912.11035
5. 005
   Frank, J. et al. (2020). Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognition. ICML. FORENSIC · arXiv:2003.08685 · PMLR v119
6. 006
   Ciftci, U. A., Demir, I., Yin, L. (2020). FakeCatcher: Detection of Synthetic Portrait Videos using Biological Signals. IEEE TPAMI. FORENSIC · arXiv:1901.02212 · IEEE Xplore
7. 007
   Wang, J., Tondi, B., Barni, M. (2022). An Eyes-Based Siamese Neural Network for the Detection of GAN-Generated Face Images. Frontiers in Signal Processing. SEMANTIC · Frontiers Sig. Proc.
8. 008
   Dolhansky, B. et al. (2020). The DeepFake Detection Challenge (DFDC) Dataset. arXiv preprint. DATASET · arXiv:2006.07397 · dataset
9. 009
   Yamagishi, J. et al. (2021). ASVspoof 2021: accelerating progress in spoofed and deepfake speech detection. ASVspoof Workshop / INTERSPEECH. AUDIO · ISCA archive PDF
10. 010
    Groh, M., Epstein, Z., Firestone, C., Picard, R. (2022). Deepfake detection by human crowds, machines, and machine-informed crowds. PNAS. HUMAN · doi:10.1073/pnas.2110013119 · arXiv:2105.06496
11. 011
    Fernandez, P., Couairon, G., Jégou, H., Douze, M., Furon, T. (2023). The Stable Signature: Rooting Watermarks in Latent Diffusion Models. ICCV. WATERMARK · arXiv:2303.15435
12. 012
    Google DeepMind (2025). SynthID-Image: Image watermarking at internet scale. arXiv preprint. WATERMARK · arXiv:2510.09263
13. 013
    Saberi, M. et al. (2023). Robustness of AI-Image Detectors: Fundamental Limits and Practical Attacks. arXiv preprint. ATTACK · arXiv:2310.00076
14. 014
    Qiwei, L. et al. (2024). Reporting Non-Consensual Intimate Media: An Audit Study of Deepfakes. arXiv preprint. PERSONAL · arXiv:2409.12138
15. 015
    C2PA (2024). Content Credentials — C2PA Technical Specification 2.1. 20 September 2024. C2PA · spec.c2pa.org HTML · PDF
16. 016
    C2PA (2025). Content Credentials — C2PA Technical Specification 2.2. 1 May 2025. C2PA · PDF · Explainer
17. 017
    C2PA (2025). Content Credentials Whitepaper. October 2025. C2PA · PDF
18. 018
    JPEG Committee (2024). JPEG Trust becomes an International Standard. ISO/IEC 21617 — Part 1 (Core Foundation). Berlin, October 2024. JPEG-TRUST · jpeg.org press · JPEG Trust home
19. 019
    World Standards Cooperation (2024). Standards Collaboration on AI Watermarking, Multimedia Authenticity and Deepfake Detection. STANDARD · WSC announcement
20. 020
    FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (2024). 2024 Internet Crime Report. IC3 · ic3.gov annual report PDF
21. 021
    FBI / IC3 (2024). PSA241203 — Criminals Use Generative Artificial Intelligence to Facilitate Financial Fraud. 3 December 2024. IC3 · ic3.gov PSA
22. 022
    NSA / FBI / CISA (2023). Cybersecurity Information Sheet — Contextualizing Deepfake Threats to Organizations. 12 September 2023. CISA · defense.gov PDF · CISA alert
23. 023
    Federal Communications Commission (2024). Declaratory Ruling FCC 24-17. 8 February 2024. FCC · FCC PDF · FCC press
24. 024
    European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (2024). ENISA Threat Landscape 2024. ENISA · 2025 edition
25. 025
    CNN (2024). “Finance worker pays out $25 million after video call with deepfake 'chief financial officer'.” 4 February 2024. NEWS · CNN coverage
26. 026
    CNN (2024). “Arup revealed as victim of $25 million deepfake scam involving Hong Kong employee.” 16 May 2024. NEWS · CNN coverage
27. 027
    World Economic Forum (2025). “Cybercrime: Lessons learned from a $25m deepfake attack.” February 2025. REPORT · weforum.org
28. 028
    Bloomberg (2024). “Ferrari Narrowly Dodges Deepfake Scam Simulating Deal-Hungry CEO.” 26 July 2024. NEWS · Bloomberg coverage
29. 029
    LastPass (2024). “Attempted Audio Deepfake Call Targets LastPass Employee.” April 2024. DISCLOSURE · LastPass blog
30. 030
    Sophos (2019). Voice-clone CEO fraud at Euler Hermes-insured UK firm — $243K transfer. Wall Street Journal coverage. NEWS · Sophos analysis
31. 031
    United States Senate (2026). S.1837 — DEFIANCE Act of 2025. 119th Congress (current). Predecessor S.3696 (118th Cong.) passed Senate 23 July 2024 but did not pass House. DEFIANCE · PENDING — NOT LAW · S.1837 text · S.3696 text
32. 032
    United States Senate (2025). S.146 — TAKE IT DOWN Act. 119th Congress; signed into law 19 May 2025. TAKE-IT-DOWN · congress.gov · CRS Legal Sidebar
33. 033
    Revenge Porn Helpline / SWGfL. StopNCII.org — Stop Non-Consensual Intimate Image Abuse. SERVICE · stopncii.org · how it works
34. 034
    National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. Take It Down — for those who appeared in nude or sexually explicit images taken when under 18. SERVICE · takeitdown.ncmec.org
35. 035
    Cyber Civil Rights Initiative. CCRI Safety Center. RESOURCE · cybercivilrights.org
36. 036
    National Conference of State Legislatures (2024). Deceptive Audio or Visual Media (Deepfakes) — 2024 Legislation. TRACKER · ncsl.org
37. 037
    Public Citizen (2024–25). Tracker: State Legislation on Intimate Deepfakes. TRACKER · citizen.org
38. 038
    Adobe (2024). Authenticity in the Age of AI — Growing Content Credentials Momentum Across Social Media Platforms, AI Companies and Rising Consumer Awareness. 18 September 2024. CONTENT-CREDS · Adobe blog

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